What Are The Social Determinants Of Physical And Mental Health?

Author: Megha Agarwal on Dec 28,2021

Social determinants of one’s health are circumstances that affect their wellbeing, both physically and mentally. These determinants can include socioeconomic, political, as well as cultural factors. Along with these, one’s well-being can also be affected by how someone gets access to the proper healthcare, education, a safe living environment, and a well-balanced, nutritious diet. 

 

As per the World Health Organization, one’s mental health and physical health are dependent on multiple social determinants around us. It is defined as the conditions under which people are born, grow up, live, work and eventually age. A few wider forces and systematic practices also help shape our daily living conditions. 

 

Social determinants for mental health as well as physical health are extensive in terms of a range of factors. They exist throughout all kinds of aspects of our society. However, they are pretty separate from a person’s lifestyle choices and the medical care they receive. 

 

As per a study conducted by the National Academy of Medicine, medical care only accounts for approximately 10%-20% of a person’s health outcome. In contrast, most social determinants of mental health and physical health play a major role in influencing their overall health. It makes up 80%-90% of all contributing factors. 

 

In this article, we are going to be exploring all social determinants of mental health and physical health and well-being, including all the roles and forms. 

 

Overview

Social determinants of mental health and physical health fall into five different groups:

 

1. Healthcare 

Under healthcare fall various factors that encompass a person’s access to healthcare facilities and qualities, like health literacy, health insurance coverage, and access to primary healthcare. 

 

2. Economic Stability 

Economic stability refers to the link between a person’s mental health and physical health with their finances. It includes employment, food security, poverty, and housing stability. 

 

3. Education 

Education focuses on the connection between a person’s access to the right educational resources, its quality, as well as their mental and physical health. It can encompass secondary and higher education, childhood development, language, and literacy. 

 

4. Social and community life 

A person’s social and community life revolves around how they live their life, work, and learn. It also includes how these factors are related to their health. Various factors here include discrimination, incarceration, civic participation, and conditions in the workplace. 

 

5. Neighborhood 

Under this group fall a person’s environment and housing, and its role in their mental health as well as physical. The factors that affect this determinant are transportation, housing quality, accessibility to healthy food, quality of water, crime, and violence. 

 

All the factors and determinants in every group are often interwoven and related to each other. 

 

Access to healthcare 

 

 

One out of every 10 people in the US lives without access to quality healthcare and health insurance. They do not have the money to make any vital healthcare decisions and purchases, like necessary tests and medication. 

 

Moreover, some people also live too far away from healthcare clinics to get the care they deserve. Black Americans are more likely to live without good health insurance than White Americans. As of 2018, approximately 9% of Black Americans did not have access to healthcare due to the lack of health insurance. This rate was approximately 5% in the case of White Americans. 

 

Improving access to quality healthcare 

There are multiple ways to help improve one’s access to quality healthcare. For example, healthcare clinics should offer remote appointments as and when possible. 

 

The Healthy People 2030 campaign was launched recently with several objectives in mind to improve healthcare access. The aim is:

 

- To reduce waiting time for people in emergency situations

- To increase the proportion of adults receiving lung cancer screenings 

- To increase community services offering health screenings. 

 

Economic stability

Economic stability is essential when it comes to affording various lifestyle choices and paying for quality healthcare to keep people healthy. A steady, well-paying job is necessary in such cases to get housing stability and food security. Therefore, savings are important to manage chronic conditions or healthcare emergencies.

 

However, one out of every 10 people in the U.S. lives in poverty. Those employed in steady work might not earn enough to gain access to qualitative healthcare. Moreover, disabilities and chronic health conditions can put people at various disadvantages.

 

Studies have shown that there is a huge gap in health outcomes of different communities and countries with different social determinants of mental health and physical health. People living in countries with high GDP have a life expectancy of 19 years higher than those with lower GDPs. 

 

Improving economic stability

 

As per the Healthy People 2030 campaign, organizing various programs that increase one’s funds for institutions is necessary. These institutions include employment programs, high-quality child care, and career counseling. 

 

Therefore, healthcare providers and the government should establish policies that help people pay for their necessities like food, healthcare, education, and housing. 

 

Access To Quality Education

 

 

As per data from the US, there is a pretty strong correlation between one’s income and education levels and mental health and physical health indicators. Whether a child or an adolescent, access to quality education during their developmental stages helps determine their future situations and living conditions. 

 

Early childhood education is extremely important for developing social, physical, and mental health. Good quality education opens up multiple new doors to further their employment opportunities and education.

 

Children coming from low-income households or those who have disabilities or experience any form of social discrimination during their developmental stages are less likely to do well at school. Due to this, they might also face barriers when it comes to receiving higher levels of education.

 

As a result, those coming from low-income families struggle to get safe, stable, well-paying jobs. It also means that they are more likely to experience ailments in context to their physical health as well as mental health. 

 

The added stress of their economic difficulties adversely impacts one’s health and well-being. For example, a child’s brain development can be negatively affected due to living in poverty. 

 

Improving access to education

The U.S. Government today is taking precautions to improve access to education for everyone. Funding of Title I schools encourages continued education among people living in poverty or low-income communities.

 

The Healthy People 2030 campaign is also taking measures to improve the percentage of people getting better access to high-quality education, no matter their age group. 

 

Social and Community Life 

Interactions between an individual with their family members or co-workers can affect their mental health.

 

For example, workplace discrimination can adversely affect one’s mental health and self-esteem. 

 

Moreover, absent parents, negligent caregivers, high incarceration rates, and bullying can also negatively affect one’s mental health right from their developmental age. They can impart feelings of loneliness in such crucial stages of life. These negative feelings can continue impacting their health well into adulthood as well. 

 

Improving community environment

Many social determinants of physical and mental health are different factors that one cannot control individually in usual cases. Fostering a positive relationship with others at home, at work, or in their community can improve people’s overall well-being.

 

Programs that better one’s social determinants of physical and mental health can include social campaigns to implement smoke-free zones, curbed use of tobacco, thereby decreasing smoking-related diseases. According to the Healthy People 2030 campaign, it is important to offer people such support and care for their own good. For example, it is essential to reduce depression and anxiety by offering children more care and support, especially those with disabilities. 

 

Neighborhood

A person’s neighborhood and their living conditions can negatively/positively have a huge impact on their health and safety. 

 

Globally, most individuals live in areas with:

- A high rate of violent crimes

- An elevated level of environmental pollution 

- Unsanitary conditions 

- Unsafe drinking water and air 

 

Marginalized groups of people and those from low-income communities/households are more likely to reside in places with these risks. Even at one’s workplace, one can easily come into contact with elements that can potentially harm their physical as well as mental health, like secondhand smoke.

 

Improving living conditions

At both micro and macro levels, one can try to make changes to improve their environment, physical and mental health, and overall well-being. 

 

For example, corporations can aim at reducing health and safety risks at workplaces, or local councils can help pedestrians and cyclists with dedicated paths. 

 

COVID-19

The effects of the social determinants of physical and mental health are coming out to be more pronounced during times of crisis like the ongoing global pandemic, Covid-19. As per a 2021 study, one’s racial background and socioeconomic status have negatively affected mortality and Covid-19 incidences.

 

During the global pandemic, the marginalized groups have experienced discrimination, crowded living conditions, financial insecurity, and having to rely on public transportation, unlike the rich, who had resources to close themselves off from the world and stay safe. Access to sanitizers, masks, food, and even enclosed spaces to isolate themselves if they caught the disease are major issues that significantly displayed how socioeconomic factors can affect every aspect of one’s life. 

 

Summary

The social and economic conditions into which one is born and the way they live their life have a profound impact on their physical as well as mental health

 

Where people are born, live, educate themselves, and work is what constitutes various social determinants of physical as well as mental health. These factors can influence different opportunities for people, including what they eat, the nutrition they consume, their level of education, the community they live in, access to the right healthcare, their working conditions, and so much more. 

 

Various Government bodies and the WHO are continuously working to improve people’s social determinants for physical and mental health on a global level. They are working, so everyone around the globe gets equal access to healthcare and other necessities to survive. 

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woman enjoying Mood Boosting food

Best Mood Boosting Foods and Adaptogen Foods for You

 Food isn't just fuel - it sets the tone for how you feel every single day. If you've ever noticed how a sugar-heavy breakfast leaves you cranky by noon or how a hearty balanced meal makes you calm, that's the direct link between what you eat and your mood. The truth is, there are certain mood boosting foods that can genuinely lift your energy, sharpen focus, and keep stress in check. Alongside that, there's a special category known as adaptogens foods, herbs and plants that support your body's stress response.Both play different roles but work brilliantly together. Let's break them down in a way that's easy to use, with actual food examples and some practical ways to fit them into daily life.What Makes a Food "Mood Boosting"?Not every meal has the power to shift your mood, but some foods do because of the nutrients they carry. Mood boosting food usually contains one (or more) of the following:Tryptophan and amino acids - precursors to serotonin and dopamine, your "feel-good" brain chemicals.Healthy fats - the brain thrives on good fats, especially omega-3s.Magnesium and B vitamins - critical for stress regulation and nerve health.Antioxidants - they fight oxidative stress, which otherwise drags down mood and energy.Stable carbs and fiber - they prevent blood sugar crashes, which are classic triggers for irritability.That's the science. But in plain terms: foods that keep your energy steady, protect your brain, and help your body make the right chemicals fall under mood boosting foods.Also check: 10 Easy and Healthy Nutrition Recipes for a Balanced DietAdaptogens Foods: A Step BeyondNow, adaptogens are a different story. Think of them as herbs and roots that don't just nourish but actually train your body to handle stress better. Adaptogens food doesn't just fill you up - it interacts with your adrenal system, balancing cortisol (your stress hormone), improving resilience, and helping you recover from mental and physical fatigue.Some examples of classic adaptogens foods include:Ashwagandha - calming, supports sleep and reduces anxiety.Tulsi (Holy Basil) - clears the head, great for stress relief.Maca root - energy and hormone balance.Reishi mushrooms - grounding, immune supportive, calming.Licorice root - supports adrenal function, especially in times of burnout.The beauty of foods with adaptogens is that you don't need huge amounts. A small spoon of powder in your smoothie, a tulsi tea at night, or even an herbal snack ball can be enough.How Mood Boosting Foods and Adaptogens Work TogetherMood boosting foods cover your daily base: steady energy, brain support, and nutrient balance.Adaptogens foods come in as extra armor, especially during stress-heavy weeks or when you feel mentally drained.For example: oatmeal with berries and chia seeds is a solid mood-boosting food breakfast. Add a teaspoon of maca powder, and suddenly it becomes a meal that also falls into the "foods with adaptogens" category.Everyday Mood Boosting Foods to Keep AroundHere's a breakdown of everyday mood-boosting foods you can actually eat without hunting down rare ingredients:Fatty fish - Salmon, sardines, and mackerel are loaded with omega-3s. These fats keep brain cells flexible and directly impact mood regulation.Eggs - They pack protein, vitamin B12, and choline. Great for steady energy.Dark leafy greens - Spinach, kale, Swiss chard: magnesium powerhouses. Low magnesium is linked to higher stress and anxiety.Nuts and seeds - Almonds, walnuts, pumpkin seeds, chia, flax. They give you healthy fats and fiber.Berries - Antioxidant rich and naturally sweet. They fight oxidative stress, which is often overlooked in mood discussions.Dark chocolate - Real chocolate (70%+ cocoa), not candy bars. It improves blood flow in the brain and offers a quick mental lift.Fermented foods - Yogurt, kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut. Your gut and brain are connected, so a healthy gut = better mood.Whole grains - Brown rice, oats, quinoa. They prevent the sugar spikes and dips that wreck your mood.Keep these on rotation, and you'll notice fewer crashes and more mental stability.Also check: 10 Outrageously Delicious Sandwich Ideas To Blow Your MindAdaptogens Foods You Can Actually UseNow let's get specific with adaptogens food you can start with. These herbs may sound "wellness trendy," but they've been used for centuries in Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and traditional healing.Ashwagandha: Best for people dealing with anxiety, irritability, or sleep struggles. Works well in warm milk or even chocolate drinks.Tulsi (Holy Basil): Excellent in tea form. It has a calming yet clear-headed effect, ideal for mid-day breaks.Licorice root: Often made into tea. Good for fatigue, but if you have blood pressure issues, use lightly.Maca: The easiest adaptogen to use. Toss a spoonful into smoothies or oatmeal. It has a nutty, earthy flavor.Reishi: Great for evenings because it calms the nervous system. Works best as tea or powder.Lion's Mane: A mushroom that supports focus and memory. Many people use it in coffee alternatives.These are not instant fixes - adaptogens foods work over time. Think weeks, not days.Recipes with Foods and AdaptogensAdding adaptogens doesn't have to feel complicated. Here are some easy examples inspired by Ayurvedic recipes:Tulsi Date Nut Balls - Blend dates, cashews, and sunflower seeds with a spoon of tulsi powder. Roll into bite-size snacks. You get healthy fats + fiber + adaptogens.Ashwagandha Hot Chocolate - Mix cocoa powder, a dash of cinnamon, and ashwagandha into warm almond milk. Sweeten with honey if you like.Maca Oatmeal Bowl - Make oatmeal, then stir in maca powder, berries, and a spoon of almond butter. That's mood boosting food plus adaptogens food in one bowl.Rose Licorice Latte - Steep licorice root with rose petals, then add warm milk. A calming drink for winding down.These little swaps are how you transform regular meals into foods with adaptogens without making your diet complicated.Building a Mood-Friendly Day of EatingHere's how you could structure meals to get a mix of mood-boosting foods and adaptogens foods:Breakfast: Oats with chia seeds, blueberries, walnuts, and a spoon of maca.Snack: Yogurt with flaxseed and a few dark chocolate chips.Lunch: Grilled salmon, quinoa, and spinach salad with olive oil.Afternoon: Tulsi tea with a tulsi date nut ball.Dinner: Stir-fry with chicken or tofu, colorful veggies, garlic, ginger, and brown rice. Add turmeric for extra antioxidants.Evening: Rose licorice latte or ashwagandha hot chocolate.This plan shows how both categories fit naturally into daily life.Things to Keep in MindStart small - especially with adaptogens. Half a teaspoon in tea or smoothies is plenty.Quality matters - not all powders or teas are pure. Buy from trusted brands.Don't skip basics - eating an occasional adaptogen while living on processed food won't work. The foundation is still balanced meals.Patience is key - mood boosting foods often show quick benefits, but adaptogens foods work slowly and steadily.Why This Matters NowStress, low energy, and anxiety are everywhere. People turn to caffeine or sugar for quick fixes, but those crash later. Building your diet around mood-boosting foods and sprinkling in foods with adaptogens is a smarter, long-term strategy. You feel better, sleep better, and handle challenges without burning out.Don't Miss: 9 Delicious Ice Cream Topping Ideas For Your Next Party!Final ThoughtsThe takeaway is simple: your plate is a powerful tool. Mood boosting food keeps you balanced day to day, while adaptogens food builds resilience over time. You don't need exotic rituals - just small additions like tulsi tea, dark chocolate with ashwagandha, or a maca oatmeal bowl.When you combine these consistently, your body doesn't just survive stress - it adapts to it. That's the difference between dragging yourself through the week and actually feeling steady, calm, and energized.